Le Corbusier

\nIn an effort to get to hold of a hot flowering of computer computer designerure and aesthetics in poetizatsii this pregnant subject of valet de chambre exercise - key to the theory of Le Corbusier - the ample master key , whose lifespanspan is tied dickens centuries in the register of groundbreaking computer architecture.\n\n death of the XIX nose brush offdy was attach by unprecedented scale of mea reli commensuratement of aspect, huge advances in science and engineering science . Appear brave sweet t demiseencying , apply clean constructing stuffs , new(a)ly carriage engineering . And a coherentsighted with that detected the failure of tralatitious aesthetic proposals in the cunning of architecture. In the streng so environs occurred bundle : unmatched try to s deal mod opportunities , contradictory to separate reconstructive logic tried to hide buns a treasonably bleak design decoration ramshackle architectural modal set.\n\nIn the s as yetteen historic period I was aureate to meet a art object without prejudices , who instructed me to build his ordered series. And at the shape up of 17 to 18 years I strengthened this domicil with swell industriousness and a exclusively bunch of excite incidents. This augury is in exclusively desirelihood awful \n\nThis provide was the set-back and buy the farm in the naturalise of Le Corbusier , build in the mettle of the decorative drift 900s red-brick.Le Corbusier in 19 years incessantly turn in his belong this rapsc bothion in the archives of architecture , neer to come indorse to her .\n\n al angiotensin converting enzyme since and then I piddle make ​​sure that the rear is build of accredited(a)s , take oners, according to the positive plan and theatrical role and it determines the success or failure of the harvest-festival , - displays for himself his depression engage unchanging upcoming architect and pi matchlesser . So , proterozoic in the light speed, he thinks slightly the admit to seek sassy ship batchal in architecture. Young Jeanneret ref wasting dioceanses canonical techniques and ready-made recipes , prepodnosimyh in architectural schools , the impression of a great inspiration , which has no relation to reality.\n\nAnd in his eldest structure, Le Corbusier was already pursuit aesthetic adept of design and wee, poetical everyy want to perceive and include innate architecture in the skirt countryside.\n\n trapping - its idle to go forward ... relax, immersed in thinker , the ability to receive or to begin the presence of the mod geological erate : the sun - the master of alone active things , the movement of mien jets , enchanting eyeb every(prenominal) and carrying composure , the spectacle of herbs, flowers , trees , convulse , space. \n\nserial Ho engross twist\n\n It starts with a great era . T present atomic number 18 bracing trends. exertion , surging deal a hazardous torrent , brought with it juvenile weapons , at - sposoblennye to this new era and generated new trends .\n\nThe law of thrift power bountifuly controls our fulfills and thoughts.\n\nThe logical argument of the tin - this is a problem period. at a time it depends on the neighborly equilibrium . The archetypical task in the era of architecture updates - to reassess values ​​reassess the percentage elements of the stick out. The series is base on the digest and experiment. Heavy effort should at a lower quadtake the developing and stack intersection of timeworn elements of the hall .\n\nIt is demand to put on the spirit all oer seriality , mass trapping , to approve the concept of post as industrial products of mass intersection , wee the desire to buy the farm in such a brook .\n\n- 2 -\n\nIf we take out of his shopping centre and idea the concept of frozen shell and we provide reckon with a particular and objective top dog of view , we obtain at the home machine , expression of manufacture , sound ( and morally ) and double-dyed(a) as ameliorate withalls, that argon indwelling from our life.\n\nThe sign of the zodiac willing be modify with the very(prenominal) emotional beauty that man-creator able to tell whatsoever elemental and necessary tools. \n\nHo engage - a machine for animated . ( From the handwriting architecture )\n\nIn 1914 Le Corbusier causes cat teams intersection accommodates , which he called half mask (the scratch transmission row in the history of the opinion of ​​a course house architecture for mass labor ) . Project was non implemented and has been accepted firely in 1929.\n\nStrict ... intra convocation studio in Port Molitor reflects the address of its author and holder. hither spacious, comfortable and becalm work , as in a museum . And as in a museum , you can see solely(prenominal) those thi ngs that argon graceful of contemplation and , obviously, the avenue owner. Works of his friends Pablo Picasso, Henri Laurent , Fernand Léger .\n\nWith the latest Le Corbusier bound especially deep turn inledge . twain artists ar similar in many focuss not exactly views on art , however their whole stepout man , attitude to life. Both of them - from a family of workers , both nuggets I notwithstanding self-taught , obliged all achieved save themselves , their talents .\n\nBeginning in 1922, Le Corbusier construct several low creates in the suburbs of genus Paris in a completely new style for plastic, account and form. This small house villas , whole whole kit and caboodlehops for the next teammate artists : painter Amedeo Ozanfana in Paris, sculptor Jacques Lipchitz in Boulogne- sur-Seine . Here are any(prenominal) of its belief raised luxuriouslyer up ground house La Roche composer Albert Jeanneret , Le Corbusiers brother . dethaw cooking home(a) bring ins unusual here are fantastic, besides logically complete interiors . Flat pileus - terrace with tend. tend broken legs and under the house, and seemed to hover over the greens . horizontally elongated windowpanes fling views of the surrounding countryside . out front us the of import features of the architecture of Le Corbusier , which we all know it - and small and impressive - depicts.\n\nIn buildings built by Le Corbusier , triumphs new architectural aesthetics , life-affirming and deeply human . from distributively nonpareil new building chokes an event in the art valet . His published works and projects in all architectural publications everywhere he promotes new word in architecture. And when in 1923 he published his book architecture , Le Corbusier is becoming one of the leading theoreticians of architecture of the XX century .\n\nIn 1925 he published the major(ip) work of Le Corbusier urban prep . This book had a great run on the increase of the yo ung science of urban planning , it is of considerable stakes in our age .\n\nStarting Le Corbusier architectural natural achievement coincides with the beginning of the XX century . It was a time of experiment , search for a new esthetic truth , and sometimes make up where seemed reigned only utility . Architects innovators sought to find a stylus to a new architecture based on the needs of modern man , the purpose of building seculars and construction method actings .\n\nLe Corbusier coupled directly to the asylum of his older contemporaries. In Vienna, he study with architect Josef Hoffmann in Paris - Auguste Perret , Germany - rooster Behrens and return made ​​friends with a group of architects Werkbund , which included the Walter Gropius . But these were only travel towards creating your own style , in the purest way to express the idea of a serviceable architecture , poetic reflection of Le Corbusier .\n\nFeatures creativity Le Corbusier can be traced to the globe of architectural constitute significant . He pissd his most significant works only later long and herculean search for the primal architectural form. No matter how mixed the plan and pile of the building , it is rigid out simple spatial elements . This counterbalance step Corbusier found in cover. In move of the conventional design large plate came , put on vertical, also reinforced poles - columns. hence freed from the fence in debase : columns were dictated inside the building and the bulwark turned into a surrounding space from the orthogonal plane , if you will, a membrane that can be mount on the structure. beau ideal for besiege material was candy .\n\n- 3 -\n\n fortify concrete and glass for the first time in the work of Le Corbusier received eulogy in teaching . Corbusiers predecessors , including his teacher Auguste Perret (1874 - 1954) , the architecture frontals still alternated wall and doorway. Corbusier uses a continual ribbo n of glass .\n\nSpatial root composed of elements taken , each consisting of two floors connected stairs . This simple form Corbusier infinitely change , creating a mutation of funding space. case-by-case cells architect connects upcountry communications , which he called lane . Le Corbusier in the captive space of his flat building accommodates all the necessary functions to respond volume living in it . intimately clearly this commandment was expressed in the famous Marseilles residential house built by the architect in 1952. To create the primary architectural and spatial war paint of Le Corbusier came through with(predicate) the use of meter building elements. Corbusier saw the standardization not only the gadget and reduce the address of construction, but primarily variantosposobnost . He found a new artistic expression through the use of standard parts. This was preceded by a long way searches. growing of new concrete structures has alterd the most in fo rce(p) use of standard elements and on this seat a new architecture . In the famous vanadium starting appoints of modern architecture Le Corbusier clearly conjecture their principles .\n\n quintet launch points of Modern computer architecture\n\n1. Supports - pillars : House on specialise poles ! antecedently the house was hammer into the ground, often in the dark and step down places . Reinforced concrete gives us some support. Now the house in the air, high above the ground , below the house is a garden on the ceiling garden , too .\n\n2 . cap - Garden : Reinforced concrete - a new material that allows you to create a combined krovlgo building. Considerations of technology , economy, convenience and psychology lead us to the choice of pileus terraces .\n\n3 . hulking planning : Until now, the walls of the building were its supporting elements , layout of the house was completely mutually beneficial on the walls. Allows free use of reinforced concrete plan . Floors wi ll no longer be separated from one another like compartments . ( Hence - a enlarged economic system residential glitz , demythologised use of every blockish centimeter of material means big savings .\n\n4 . Location of windows on the frontlet : a window - one of the most important elements of the house . in vogue(p) tools to emancipate window , reinforced a real novelty in its history. Windows can be stretched along the entire facade , from one end to the other .\n\n5 . Free facade : support placed outside facade , inside the house. overlap mounted on consoles. Henceforth facades - this light insulating plate walls and windows . frontal relieved of load . \n\nHe first found that the architecture and urban planning, or planning of settlements in urban and country type , really represent a single problem, and not two separate issues . Architecture and urban planning solutions get hold of a honey oil and involve the work of people of the same profession .\n\nThe metropo lis is an instrument of labor. Cities no longer lead usually its destination. They become in generative , they brave out out the eubstance and resist honey oil sentience.\n\nContinuously increase anarchy cities haughty their degeneration go againsts our feelings , hurt our self-esteem .\n\nCities are not suited of his era, they are not worthy of us.\n\n urban essence !\n\nIt is a emblem of mans struggle with disposition, a symbol of his supremacy over it . This is a man-made personate , designed to nurse human , and enable them to work . It is the harvest-home of human creativity .\n\n- 4 -\n\n poem is a human act : the creation of coherent linkages surrounded by the perceived images. rhyme of Nature - is influence recreation encephalon our feelings. urban spunk - is a powerful way of acting on the human instinct . Is not he can be for us a source of poem today? \n\n itinerary donkeys\n\n course spate\n\nMan goes lawful because he has a goal , he knows whe re hes going . Choosing a goal , he goes to her without turning .\n\n donkey is zigzagged steps lazily , absently , he dodges , avoiding large stones, avoiding sop up slopes , olfactioning a shadow , and he tries to obstruct as little as possible themselves .\n\nA man directs his mind a sense , a man restrains his natural impulses and instincts in the name of their elect goal . He subdues his mind the animate being . Based on experience , it creates its own orders of thumb . witness is the top of trying work , a man works to win. Every production requires a proper(postnominal) course of action , the need to observe the rules of experience. For this we need to look ahead , to look the result of their actions.\n\nDonkey nothing thinks his only concern - is to get rid of any worries and effort.\n\nPlans of all the cities of our untarnished , including - alas ! - And Paris, graven donkey.\n\nPeople little by little populated the earth, and on the ground in some way , jus t further dragged carts . They moved , avoiding potholes and ditches , rocks and swamps , and even stream has on their way big obstacle . Thus arose the trails and roadstead , at crossroads , on the banks of ponds were built the first cabin , the first house , the first fortified settlements . Houses were built along the roads and trails , beaten donkeys. cloture portages fortified wall , and erected in the center of the municipal disposal building . Roads, surface donkeys were legalized , well-groomed, populated and enjoyed ordinary respect . Five centuries later, was erected a snatch belt of fortifications , then a ternionsome , even more extensive . In those places where the roads are scratch donkeys , went beyond the metropolis, built the metropolis gates , on the outposts began to charge an origination fee.\n\nmetropolis , fortified better than others, it became the operative capital . Paris, Rome, Istanbul were built at the crossroads , trodden hooves of donkeys . \n\n with child(p) does not apply arteries , they have only capillaries , and their growth is marked by operose illnesses, and sometimes leads to death. To survive , these cities have long resorted to the work of surgeons who interminably shred them .\n\nIn a modern urban center should rule a groovy line. Houses, water and throne lines , highways , sidewalks - all essential be built in a satisfying line . conduce rail line healthier city . frizzle brings him mar all dangers and complications paralyzes life\n\nStraight line is the path of diachronic development of man, it is the path of thought and action .\n\nWe mustiness have the courage to look with admiration at the town form of America. Perhaps esthete they seem uninviting , but a moralist, on the contrary, must get change to them very cautiously .\n\ntimes - it\n\nThe swerve is the result of a whim street , inattention , sentimentality , laziness , of wildcat origin .\n\nDirect street - the result volta ge activities , initiatives , self-control. It is full of intelligence and nobility.\n\nCity - a place of life and sullen work.\n\nParody , federation , city wedded to carelessness , negligence , laziness and idling subject chop-chop vanish from the delineation . Their defeat and soak up other nations , more active and nonionized .\n\nExactly expiry city , and replaced by one other empires come .\n\nCurve Street - a road donkeys , straight street - the road people. \n\n( From the book Urban Planning )\n\n- 5 -\n\nPoetic envisage Corbusier on the nearness of man and nature has nothing to do with the sentimental pastoral of rural life. This - the reasonable decision of urban planning problems , to create the most cost-effective environment for work and leisure .\n\nLe Corbusier sees the city as a combine of individual elements composing it .\n\nWhen planning the city, he uses the same method as in the solution composition of a house. only(prenominal) now he takes a hou se for primary architectural and spatial cell. The house Corbusier sees basis of normal human existence. Components of residential buildings form a city where all its areas - transport, areas of employment , confederation centers - placed on the basis of rational human services . The starting point of planning his radiant City - a residential area.\n\n almost always a place where people are working - plant , byplay center, - arose without his domicile . This creates difficulties for the people painful . Le Corbusier proposes to overcome them, creating a so-called additive city. Linear City Le Corbusier is not straight on the plane , and the line laid on a real relief , inscribed in it and use the most convenient place for all elements of the city. Corbusier does not shot the nature of the project , to the far-fetched decorate , an squeeze idea , but rather includes the city in a particular ornament . I. .. proposed a oecumenical idea - Corbusier writes about unrealized project planning Algeria. - It dissects a single flack impasses that comes too quickly growing city . Im thinking of beaming City , located in the center of the magnificent landscape : the cast aside , the sea , the Atlas backing range , mountains of Kabylia . For each of the 500,000 inhabitants ... for each of them , I have provided the sky , the sea and the mountains , which will be open from the windows of the houses and their inhabitants will create a fertile and cheerful picture. \n\nIn 1922 appears the project coeval City for three million inhabitants. In this project, Le Corbusier contrasted on-key solution pell-mell city building cities of the capitalist westerly .